Oxygen is essential for life. We inhale it through the air we breathe, allowing it to reach all our cells so they can function properly. A small portion of this oxygen is transformed within the cells into reactive species characterised by oxidative activity. These are known as free radicals, which play an essential role in maintaining the body’s balance. Once they’ve served their purpose, antioxidant substances neutralise these free radicals, restoring equilibrium within our cells.
However, there are times when our body may not produce enough antioxidants to counteract the free radicals, leading to an increase in their presence within the cells. This state is referred to as oxidative stress, which is characterised by increased oxidative activity inside the cells, resulting in structural and functional changes that accelerate cellular ageing.
What is oxidation?
In nature, nearly everything undergoes oxidation when exposed to oxygen—fats become rancid, rubber loses its elasticity, and paper discolours. Every oxidation process is paired with a reduction process, creating what are known as oxidation-reduction or redox reactions.
These redox reactions are vital in biochemistry because living organisms obtain most of their free energy from them. In our body’s cells, it is through these reactions that mitochondria generate energy in the form of ATP.
However, while oxygen is essential for life, it can also lead to disease through the uncontrolled production of oxygen free radicals. These radicals can damage macromolecules (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids) and disrupt cellular processes such as membrane function, enzyme production, cellular respiration, and gene induction.
What is oxidative stress?
When there are too many free radicals in the body and not enough antioxidants to eliminate them, a condition called oxidative stress occurs.
We can liken oxidative stress to the rust that forms on metal over time. Think of our cells as tiny machines inside our body. These machines need oxygen to function and produce energy, but sometimes, like metal, they can accumulate ‘rust’ in the form of small byproducts called reactive oxygen species (ROS).
This oxidative stress can damage cells and tissues. In the long term, it contributes to aging and plays a role in the development of chronic inflammation, cancer, and other diseases.
How to avoid oxidative stress in cells?
Several factors are associated with oxidative stress, including obesity, poor diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, use of certain substances, and exposure to environmental factors like radiation, toxins, air pollution, pesticides, and sunlight.
To reduce oxidative stress, consider adopting the following strategies:
- Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: Focus on a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains.
- Engage in Regular Physical Activity: Exercise can help combat oxidative stress by promoting the production of antioxidants in the body.
- Avoid Harmful Habits: Limit or eliminate smoking and alcohol consumption, which can contribute to oxidative damage.
- Reduce Environmental Exposures: Minimise contact with pollutants and toxins when possible, and protect yourself from excessive sun exposure.
Additionally, exposure to the Biow device may also be a beneficial ally in reducing the effects of oxidative stress. By reducing free radical damage, Biow helps create a more favourable environment for cellular and tissue restoration. This protective effect against free radicals can contribute to a healthier cellular environment, supporting natural recovery processes and potentially leading to a longer, healthier life.